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Fundamentals
Reverse osmosis is a
membrane separation unit. It is the forced passage
of water through a membrane against the natural
osmotic pressure to accomplish separation of water
and ions.
Osmosis
Osmosis is a process
which can be defined as a passage of liquid from
weak solution to a more concentrated solution across
a semi permeable membrane.
The semi
permeable membrane allows the passage of liquid (solvent)
but does not allow solids (solutes) to pass through.
Application of external pressure to the salt solution side
equal to osmotic pressure will also cause equilibrium.
Additional pressure will raise the chemical potential of
water in the salt solution and cause a solvent flow to pure
water side, now at a lower chemical potential. This
phenomenon is called Reverse Osmosis.
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